The ancient fertility goddess is possibly the most archaic of deities for all cultures. Associated with birth, crops, sex, fertility and life
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The ancient fertility goddess appeared in virtually all archaic cultures as the bringer of life and regeneration. Paleolithic remains have brought to light more than one fertility-related figurine, though it would be difficult to necessarily ascribe these findings to being specific deities.
There was quite likely a fundamental Indo-European version of the fertility goddess, closely associated with the idea of “earth”. Commonly we think of more recent ancient divinities such as the Roman Venus, the Etruscan Turan, the Greek Aphrodite and the Egyptian Isis and their many equivalents from many different cultures.
The depth and breadth of the very concept of “fertility” often meant that the single divinity would take on many symbolic alternatives with their own epithets. Conversely the fertility divinities from different cultures could also conflate across cultures. For example Venus:Aphrodite:Isis could be identified with the same essential being.